Bartholin Cyst
A Bartholin cyst (or vulvar cyst) is a type of vaginal cyst that forms on either side of the labia (vaginal lips) near the opening of the vagina. It’s named after the Bartholin glands, which are two small glands that produce the fluid (mucus) that helps lubricate the vagina. The labia and Bartholin’s glands are part of the vulva in the female reproductive system.
A Bartholin cyst occurs when a blockage happens at the openings of one of these glands, causing the mucus to build up and form a lump. It typically only occurs on one of the two Bartholin glands.
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Symptoms
- Discomfort and pain during sex, walking, sitting, or when inserting a tampon or wiping after using the restroom
- Swelling and tenderness in the area
- Fever or chills.
- Redness
- Change in size (the cyst gets larger)
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Causes
- Blocked Bartholin's gland duct
- Infection of the Bartholin's gland
- Trauma to the Bartholin's gland area
- Hormonal changes
- Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
- Poor hygiene
- Chronic inflammation
Complications
Complications of Bartholin cyst include
Abscess formation
Difficulty walking or sitting
Recurrent infections
Fistula formation
Cellulitis
Sexual dysfunction
Psychological distress
Risk of sepsis or systemic infection
FAQ
Yes, Bartholin's cysts can recur after treatment, especially if the underlying cause, such as infection or blockage, isn't fully addressed. The recurrence rate varies among individuals.
Certain factors such as poor hygiene, excessive friction or trauma to the genital area, and engaging in risky sexual behaviors that increase the risk of sexually transmitted infections can exacerbate Bartholin's cysts. Maintaining good hygiene and practicing safe sex are essential preventive measures.
While some small Bartholin's cysts may resolve spontaneously without treatment, larger cysts or those causing symptoms often require intervention. Resolution time can vary widely, ranging from a few weeks to several months.
While self-examination may help detect changes or abnormalities in the genital area, a medical evaluation by a healthcare professional is necessary for an accurate diagnosis of Bartholin's cysts, especially to differentiate them from other conditions.
Some individuals may find relief from symptoms of Bartholin's cysts using natural remedies such as warm compresses, herbal sitz baths, or certain dietary supplements. However, it's crucial to consult with a healthcare provider before trying any alternative therapies.
Bartholin's cysts are typically benign and not associated with cancer. However, in rare cases, other types of growths or tumors may occur in the Bartholin's glands, necessitating further evaluation and possibly biopsy.
While Bartholin's cysts can occur in individuals of any age, they are more commonly seen in women of reproductive age. Factors such as hormonal changes, sexual activity, and reproductive health may influence their occurrence.
Bartholin's cysts typically do not directly affect urinary or bowel function, as they are in the genital area. However, if a cyst becomes large enough to exert pressure on nearby structures, it may cause discomfort or difficulty with urination or bowel movements.
While there isn't strong evidence to suggest a direct genetic predisposition to Bartholin's cysts, certain familial factors or inherited traits may contribute to an individual's susceptibility to developing them. Further research is needed to fully understand any potential genetic influences.
Pregnant people with Bartholin's cysts may face unique challenges, such as limited treatment options due to concerns about fetal safety or potential complications during labor and delivery. Close monitoring and coordination with healthcare providers are essential for managing Bartholin's cysts during pregnancy.
