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Common spinal conditions treated under Spinal Surgery

• Herniated Discs: When the soft inner portion of a spinal disc protrudes through the outer layer, causing pain, numbness, and weakness.
• Spinal Stenosis: The narrowing of the spinal canal, leading to pressure on the spinal cord or nerves, resulting in pain, tingling, and difficulty walking.
• Spinal Deformities: Conditions like scoliosis (abnormal sideways curvature of the spine) or kyphosis (excessive forward curvature), which can cause pain and postural problems.
• Spinal Tumors: Abnormal growths in or around the spinal cord that can compress the nerves and cause pain or neurological symptoms.
• Spinal Trauma: Injuries to the spine resulting from accidents or trauma, which may require surgical intervention to stabilize and restore spinal function.

Procedure Performed Under Spinal Surgery

• Laminectomy: This procedure involves the removal of a portion of the lamina, the bony arch of the vertebra, to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves.
• Spinal Fusion: In this procedure, two or more vertebrae are joined together using bone grafts or implants to stabilize the spine, reducing pain and improving spinal alignment.
• Discectomy: It involves the removal of a herniated or damaged disc that may be compressing spinal nerves, providing relief from pain and restoring normal spinal function.
• Foraminotomy: This procedure enlarges the openings (foramina) through which the spinal nerves exit the spine, relieving pressure and reducing symptoms caused by nerve compression.
• Artificial Disc Replacement: In select cases, a damaged spinal disc may be replaced with an artificial disc to restore mobility and alleviate pain.

Recovery Process

• Hospital Stay: Following spinal surgery, you will typically spend a few days in the hospital for close monitoring and post-operative care.
• Pain Management: Pain medication will be prescribed to manage any discomfort during the initial recovery phase.
• Physical Therapy: A customized physical therapy program will be designed to help you regain strength, flexibility, and mobility. This will typically start during your hospital stay and continue as outpatient therapy after discharge.
• Follow-up Care: Regular follow-up appointments will be scheduled to monitor your progress, assess healing, and address any concerns.

Potential Risks

Here is some general information on the recovery process and potential risks associated with spinal surgeries-

• Infection at the surgical site
• Bleeding or hematoma formation
• Nerve damage
• Blood clots
• Adverse reactions to anesthesia
• Failure to relieve symptoms or achieve the desired outcome

Common conditions treated under Skull Base Surgery

• Meningiomas: Tumors arising from the meninges, the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.
• Acoustic Neuromas: Noncancerous tumors that develop on the vestibular nerve, affecting hearing and balance.
• Pituitary Tumors: Growths that form in the pituitary gland, often affecting hormone production and causing various symptoms.
• Cranial Nerve Disorders: Conditions impacting the cranial nerves, which control functions like facial movement, hearing, and vision.
• Skull Base Fractures: Breaks in the bones at the base of the skull, which can lead to complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage or nerve damage.

Procedure Performed Under Skull Base Surgery

• Endoscopic Approaches: Minimally invasive procedures that involve using a thin, flexible tube with a camera (endoscope) to access and treat skull base conditions. This approach offers precise visualization and minimal disruption to surrounding tissues.
• Craniotomy: A traditional surgical approach that involves creating a small bone flap in the skull to access and treat skull base conditions. It allows direct access to complex areas and provides optimal surgical control.

Recovery Process

Here are some general guidelines regarding the recovery process and potential risks associated with skull base surgeries

• Hospital Stay: After the surgery, you will typically spend several days in the hospital for close monitoring and post-operative care. The length of the stay may vary depending on the specific procedure performed.
• Pain Management: Pain medication will be provided to manage any discomfort during the initial recovery period.
• Wound Care: Proper wound care and monitoring are essential to prevent infection and promote healing. Our medical team will provide specific instructions on caring for the surgical site.
• Follow-up Care: Regular follow-up appointments will be scheduled to monitor your progress, assess healing, and address any concerns.

Potential Risks

Skull base surgeries are complex procedures and carry certain risks. It's important to have a thorough discussion with your surgeon to understand these risks. Potential risks may include

• Infection at the surgical site
• Excessive bleeding
• Damage to surrounding structures, such as nerves or blood vessels
• Cerebrospinal fluid leak
• Meningitis
• Potential changes in neurological function or facial appearance

Common conditions treated under Trauma Surgery

• Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Injuries to the brain caused by an impact or penetration, resulting in a range of symptoms from mild concussions to severe brain damage.
• Spinal Fractures: Fractures or dislocations of the vertebrae in the spine due to trauma, which can lead to instability or spinal cord compression.
• Intracranial Hemorrhage: Bleeding within the skull, such as subdural hematomas or epidural hematomas, which require surgical intervention to relieve pressure on the brain.
• Penetrating Head Injuries: Injuries that occur when a foreign object, such as a bullet or fragment, penetrates the skull and damages brain tissue.
• Spinal Cord Injuries: Traumatic damage to the spinal cord resulting in loss of sensation, paralysis, or impaired motor function.

Common conditions treated under Trauma Surgery

• Craniotomy: This surgical procedure involves removing a portion of the skull to access the brain and address traumatic injuries, such as hematomas or brain swelling.
• Decompressive Craniectomy: In cases of significant brain swelling or increased intracranial pressure, a portion of the skull is temporarily removed to relieve pressure and prevent further damage. The bone is usually replaced at a later stage.

In our Trauma Surgery department, we provide comprehensive critical care for patients with traumatic brain and spinal injuries. Our dedicated team of specialists ensures the following critical care services

• Immediate Stabilization: Our priority is to stabilize the patient's condition and manage life-threatening injuries.
• Advanced Monitoring: We utilize state-of-the-art monitoring techniques to closely monitor vital signs, brain activity, intracranial pressure, and other critical parameters.
• Neurological Assessment: Continuous neurological assessment is conducted to evaluate the patient's brain function, motor responses, and sensory capabilities.
• Ventilator Support: If necessary, we provide advanced ventilator support to ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation.
• Intracranial Pressure Management: We employ various strategies to manage and control intracranial pressure, optimizing brain perfusion and minimizing secondary damage.
• Multidisciplinary Approach: Our trauma care team collaborates closely with specialists from other disciplines, including neurologists, neurosurgeons, and critical care specialists, to provide comprehensive and coordinated care.

Common conditions treated under Neurocritical Care

• Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Severe brain injuries requiring intensive monitoring, management of intracranial pressure, and support for brain function.
• Ischemic Stroke: Interruption of blood flow to the brain, leading to tissue damage, and requiring immediate intervention to minimize further damage.
• Hemorrhagic Stroke: Bleeding within the brain, often caused by ruptured blood vessels, necessitating rapid medical and surgical intervention.
• Status Epilepticus: Prolonged or repeated seizures requiring immediate medical attention and management to prevent further complications.
• Brain Infections: Serious infections such as meningitis or encephalitis that require intensive care, close monitoring, and targeted treatments.

Procedure Performed Under Neurocritical Care

• Intracranial Pressure Monitoring: Invasive monitoring that involves placing a small catheter into the skull to measure the pressure inside the brain. It helps assess and manage intracranial pressure to prevent further injury.
• Electroencephalography (EEG): A non-invasive technique that records the electrical activity of the brain using small electrodes placed on the scalp. EEG helps in diagnosing and monitoring brain function, seizures, and other neurological abnormalities.

In our Neurocritical Care unit, we employ advanced neuro-monitoring techniques to closely monitor patients with critical neurological conditions. These techniques include

• Intracranial Pressure Monitoring: This invasive method involves placing a small catheter into the skull to measure the pressure inside the brain. It allows us to monitor and manage intracranial pressure and prevent further injury.
• Electroencephalography (EEG): EEG is a non-invasive technique that records the electrical activity of the brain using small electrodes placed on the scalp. It helps in diagnosing and monitoring brain function, seizures, and other neurological abnormalities.
• Continuous Vital Sign Monitoring: We continuously monitor vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate to ensure the stability of the patient's condition.
• Neuroimaging: Advanced imaging techniques like CT scans and MRI are used to assess the brain and spinal cord, providing valuable information for diagnosis and treatment planning.
• Multimodal Monitoring: In some cases, a combination of monitoring techniques, including intracranial pressure monitoring, cerebral blood flow monitoring, and oxygenation monitoring, may be employed to comprehensively assess brain function and guide treatment decisions.