Epistaxis
Epistaxis, or a nosebleed, is when you lose blood from the tissue that lines the inside of your nose. A combination of dry air and tiny blood vessels that line the inner surface of your nose often cause nosebleeds. There are simple steps you can take to treat and prevent them. Although annoying, nosebleeds usually aren’t a cause for concern.
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Symptoms
- Nosebleed (hemorrhage from the nose)
- Blood dripping from one or both nostrils
- Blood in the nasal cavity or throat
- Feeling of fullness or pressure in the nose
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Nausea or vomiting (in severe cases)
- Difficulty breathing through the nose
- Coughing up blood (in severe cases)
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Causes
- Dry air or low humidity
- Trauma or injury to the nose
- Nasal irritation or inflammation
- Nose picking or vigorous nose blowing
- Allergic rhinitis
- Sinusitis or nasal infections
- Nasal polyps or tumors
- Blood clotting disorders
- Medications that affect blood clotting
- High blood pressure
Complications
Complications of Epistaxis include:
Recurrent nosebleeds
Anemia ( following massive bleeds)
Hypovolemic shock ( following massive bleeds)
Nasal septal hematoma
Psychological distress
Aspiration of blood into the lungs
Rarely, life-threatening hemorrhage
FAQ
Yes, some medications, such as anticoagulants (blood thinners), antiplatelet drugs, and nasal decongestants, can increase the risk of nosebleeds by affecting blood clotting or drying out the nasal passages.
For a child experiencing a nosebleed, have them sit upright and lean slightly forward to prevent swallowing of blood. Pinch the soft part of their nose gently but firmly for 5-10 minutes and reassure them to remain calm during the bleeding episode.
Yes, nosebleeds can occur during sleep, especially if the nasal passages become dry or irritated. Using a humidifier in the bedroom can help keep the air moist and reduce the risk of nighttime nosebleeds.
Yes, allergies can cause inflammation and irritation of the nasal passages, increasing the risk of nosebleeds. Managing allergies with appropriate medications and avoiding triggers may help reduce the frequency of nosebleeds in allergic individuals.
While nosebleeds are common during pregnancy due to hormonal changes and increased blood volume, frequent or severe nosebleeds should be evaluated by a healthcare provider to rule out underlying issues and ensure the safety of both the mother and the baby.
While there isn't a direct hereditary link for nosebleeds, certain genetic conditions that affect blood clotting may increase the likelihood of experiencing nosebleeds. If there is a family history of frequent nosebleeds or bleeding disorders, it's essential to inform your healthcare provider.
Yes, certain recreational drugs, particularly those that are inhaled through the nose (such as cocaine), can irritate the nasal passages and increase the risk of nosebleeds. Seeking help with substance abuse is important for both physical and mental health.
Hormonal changes during puberty can lead to increased blood flow to the nasal mucosa, making the blood vessels more prone to rupture and causing nosebleeds. These nosebleeds are usually temporary and improve as hormone levels stabilize.
Yes, exposure to environmental pollutants, cigarette smoke, or dry air can irritate the nasal passages and increase the risk of nosebleeds. Minimizing exposure to these factors and maintaining good indoor air quality can help reduce the risk of nosebleeds.
Nosebleeds can occur at any age, but they are more common in children aged 2 to 10 years and adults aged 50 to 80 years. Children may experience nosebleeds due to frequent nose picking or trauma, while older adults may have underlying medical conditions that contribute to nosebleeds.
