Hyper Thyroidism
The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of your neck. It produces thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which are two primary hormones that control how your cells use energy. Your thyroid gland regulates your metabolism through the release of these hormones. When your thyroid make too much T3, T4, or both, it speeds up Trusted Source your body’s systems, causing distress. Hyperthyroidism occurs when your thyroid gland is overproducing thyroid hormones.
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Symptoms
- Weight loss, but with an increased appetite
- Rapid or irregular heartbeat
- Feeling nervous or irritable
- Feeling fatigued, but having trouble sleeping
- Hand tremors, muscle weakness
- Getting easily overheated
- Frequent bowel movements
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Causes
- Graves' Disease
- Thyroid Nodules
- Thyroiditis
- Excessive Iodine Intake
- Overactive Thyroid Nodules
- Medications
- Thyroid Cancer
- Pituitary Adenoma
- Pregnancy
- Genetic Factors
Complications
Complications of Hyper Thyroidism include:
Heart-related complications, including
- Rapid or irregular heartbeat (arrhythmias)
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- Increased risk of heart failure or heart attack
Osteoporosis and bone fractures due to decreased bone density
Thyroid storm, a life-threatening condition characterized by extreme symptoms such as fever, rapid heart rate, and confusion
Eye problems, particularly in Graves' disease, including
- Graves' ophthalmopathy (bulging eyes, double vision, eye irritation)
- Optic nerve compression, leading to vision loss in severe cases
Thyroid crisis or severe exacerbation of hyperthyroidism, requiring emergency medical treatment
Psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety, nervousness, and mood swings
Weight loss and muscle weakness due to increased metabolism
Menstrual irregularities and fertility issues in women
Thyroid nodules or enlargement (goiter)
Skin problems, including sweating, thinning of the skin, and hair loss
FAQ
Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels (T3, T4, and TSH), and possibly imaging tests such as a thyroid ultrasound or scan to assess the size and function of the thyroid gland.
Untreated hyperthyroidism can lead to serious complications such as heart problems (arrhythmias, high blood pressure, heart failure), osteoporosis, thyroid storm (life-threatening condition), eye problems (Graves' ophthalmopathy), and psychiatric issues.
Treatment options include antithyroid medications (such as methimazole or propylthiouracil), radioactive iodine therapy, and thyroid surgery (thyroidectomy). These treatments work by reducing thyroid hormone production or removing part or all the thyroid glands.
While lifestyle changes alone cannot cure hyperthyroidism, maintaining a balanced diet, avoiding excessive iodine intake, managing stress, and getting regular exercise can help support overall thyroid health and improve symptoms.
Follow-up appointments are typically recommended every few months to monitor thyroid hormone levels and adjust treatment as needed. You should seek medical attention if you experience worsening symptoms, such as chest pain, severe palpitations, or sudden weight loss.
Yes, hyperthyroidism can affect pregnancy and fertility. It's essential for women with hyperthyroidism who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant to receive proper medical care to manage their condition and minimize risks to themselves and their baby.
Certain medications and supplements, such as iodine supplements, over-the-counter cold remedies containing pseudoephedrine, and some herbal supplements, can exacerbate hyperthyroidism or interfere with thyroid function. It's essential to consult with your doctor before taking any new medications or supplements.
Hyperthyroidism can sometimes be managed effectively with treatment, leading to remission or even cure in some cases. However, the underlying cause of hyperthyroidism, such as Graves' disease, may require ongoing management and monitoring to prevent recurrence.
