Pyelonephritis
Pyelonephritis is a kidney infection that can be acute or chronic. Doctors usually treat it with antibiotics, but sometimes, surgery may be needed. Acute pyelonephritis is a sudden and severe kidney infection. It causes the kidneys to swell and may permanently damage them. Pyelonephritis can be life-threatening. When repeated or persistent attacks occur, the condition is called chronic pyelonephritis. The chronic form is rare, but it happens more often in children or people with urinary obstructions.
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Symptoms
- A fever greater than 102°F (38.9°C)
- Pain in the abdomen, back, side, or groin
- Painful or burning urination
- Cloudy urine
- Pus or blood in the urine
- Urgent or frequent urination
- Fishy-smelling urine
- Shaking or chills
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- General aching or ill feeling
- Fatigue
- Moist skin
- Mental confusion
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Causes
- Bacterial Infection
- Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
- Obstruction
- Catheter Use
- Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)
- Compromised Immune System
- Pregnancy
- Sexual Activity
- Structural Abnormalities
- Age
Complications
Complications of Pyelonephritis include:
Sepsis
Kidney abscess
Chronic kidney disease
Kidney scarring
Septic shock
Renal papillary necrosis
Pyonephrosis (pus accumulation in the kidney)
Recurrent urinary tract infections
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
Kidney failure
FAQ
Yes, severe or recurrent pyelonephritis can lead to long-term kidney damage, including scarring and impaired kidney function. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to minimize the risk of kidney complications.
Acute pyelonephritis is a sudden and severe bacterial infection of the kidneys, typically characterized by symptoms such as fever, flank pain, and urinary symptoms. Chronic pyelonephritis refers to persistent inflammation and scarring of the kidneys due to recurrent or untreated infections, often leading to progressive kidney damage.
In mild cases of pyelonephritis, outpatient treatment with oral antibiotics may be sufficient. However, severe cases, complications, or individuals with underlying health conditions may require hospitalization for intravenous antibiotics, close monitoring, and supportive care.
Yes, untreated or severe pyelonephritis can progress to sepsis, a life-threatening condition characterized by a systemic inflammatory response to infection. Sepsis requires immediate medical attention and intensive care to prevent organ failure and death.
Yes, pyelonephritis can affect children, particularly infants and young children, who may present with nonspecific symptoms such as fever, irritability, poor feeding, and vomiting. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications and long-term kidney damage in pediatric cases.
Yes, the symptoms of pyelonephritis, such as fever and abdominal pain, can overlap with other conditions such as appendicitis or kidney stones. Proper diagnostic evaluation, including urine tests and imaging studies, is necessary to differentiate pyelonephritis from other causes of abdominal pain and fever.
Yes, pyelonephritis is more common in certain populations, including women, individuals with urinary tract abnormalities, those with a history of recurrent UTIs, pregnant individuals, and older adults. These populations may be at higher risk due to factors such as hormonal changes, urinary stasis, or immune compromi
Yes, chronic kidney infections like pyelonephritis can lead to kidney damage, which may contribute to hypertension (high blood pressure). Monitoring blood pressure and managing kidney health are important aspects of managing pyelonephritis and preventing related complications.
While pyelonephritis primarily affects the kidneys, severe or recurrent infections can lead to scarring and damage to the urinary tract, including the bladder. This damage may impair bladder function and increase the risk of urinary retention or incontinence.
Maintaining a balanced diet, staying hydrated, avoiding excessive alcohol and caffeine intake, and practicing good hygiene habits are important for individuals recovering from pyelonephritis. Depending on individual health needs, healthcare providers may also recommend dietary modifications or lifestyle changes to support kidney health.
