Rectal Prolapse
The rectum is the last part of your large intestine, and the anus is the opening through which stool exits your body. Rectal prolapse is a medical condition in which the rectum starts to push through the anus. It’s different from hemorrhoids, which are swollen veins around the rectum and anus. Rectal prolapse can range from mild to severe. Mild cases can often be treated without surgery. Severe cases may require surgery.
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Symptoms
- Part of the rectum may protrude during bowel movements but may be easily pushed back in place
- Physical activity, such as walking, sitting, and exercising, may also cause part of the rectum to push through your anus.
- There may be bleeding from the inner lining of the rectum.
- Eventually, you may have trouble controlling liquid or solid bowel movements and gas from your rectum.
- Chronic constipation occurs in 30 to 67 percent of people with rectal prolapse, and about 15 percent experience diarrhea.
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Causes
- Weakness of the pelvic floor muscles
- Chronic constipation
- Chronic diarrhea
- Age
- Previous pelvic surgery
- Genetic predisposition
- Neurological disorders
- Chronic coughing
- Heavy lifting
- Malnutrition
- Pelvic organs prolapse
- Obesity
Complications
Complications of Rectal Prolapse include:
Fecal incontinence
Rectal bleeding
Anal pain or discomfort
Difficulty with bowel movements (constipation or incomplete evacuation)
Ulceration or irritation of the prolapsed tissue
Strangulation or incarceration of the prolapse, leading to tissue necrosis (rare but serious)
Risk of developing rectal ulcers or infections
Psychological distress and impact on quality of life
Sexual dysfunction or discomfort
Anemia due to chronic blood loss (in cases of significant rectal bleeding)
Difficulty with hygiene and increased risk of skin infections around the anus
Impaired mobility or interference with daily activities
Development of other pelvic floor disorders
FAQ
Yes, rectal prolapse can occur in children, particularly in those with chronic constipation or neurological conditions affecting bowel function.
In some cases, mild rectal prolapse may resolve on its own, especially with conservative measures such as dietary changes and pelvic floor exercises. However, more severe cases often require medical intervention.
Rectal prolapse is more common in women, possibly due to factors such as pregnancy, childbirth, and hormonal differences. However, men can also develop rectal prolapse, especially as they age.
Yes, rectal prolapse can sometimes be associated with conditions such as pelvic organ prolapse, hemorrhoids, inflammatory bowel disease (such as Crohn's disease), and pelvic floor dysfunction.
Recovery time can vary depending on the type of surgery performed, the individual's overall health, and the extent of the prolapse. In general, most patients can expect to resume normal activities within a few weeks to a few months after surgery.
Yes, adopting a high-fiber diet, staying hydrated, avoiding straining during bowel movements, and maintaining a healthy weight can help manage symptoms and reduce the risk of recurrent prolapse.
While rectal prolapse itself typically does not affect fertility or pregnancy, it's essential to discuss any concerns with your healthcare provider, especially if surgery or other treatments are being considered.
Yes, pelvic floor exercises, also known as Kegel exercises, can help strengthen the muscles that support the rectum and other pelvic organs. Your healthcare provider or a pelvic floor physical therapist can provide guidance on how to perform these exercises effectively.
While rectal prolapse, itself is not typically a sign of colorectal cancer, it's essential to undergo a thorough evaluation if you experience symptoms such as rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, or unexplained weight loss, as these could indicate a more serious underlying condition.
The frequency of follow-up appointments will depend on the severity of your condition and the chosen treatment approach. Your healthcare provider will recommend a follow-up schedule tailored to your individual needs.
